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Intravenous (IV) solutions are sterile liquids administered directly into a patient's bloodstream to deliver essential nutrients, medications, or fluids. They are crucial in hospitals and emergency settings where rapid delivery of substances is required. IV therapy is used to maintain hydration, correct electrolyte imbalances, administer medications, support patients during surgery, and treat severe infections or trauma.

IV solutions are categorized into crystalloid and colloid types. Crystalloids, such as normal saline and lactated Ringer’s solution, contain small molecules that quickly move across cell membranes. These solutions are typically used for fluid resuscitation and maintaining hydration. Colloids, including albumin and hydroxyethyl starch, contain larger molecules that stay within blood vessels, helping restore blood volume in cases of shock or major blood loss.

IV solutions can also serve specific medical purposes. For instance, dextrose-containing solutions provide energy to patients who cannot eat, while electrolyte-rich solutions correct imbalances in sodium, potassium, or calcium levels. Hospitals rely heavily on IV therapy during surgeries where anesthesia and medications must be accurately controlled.

Proper administration requires trained healthcare professionals to prevent complications such as infection, infiltration, or incorrect dosage. Innovations in IV technology—such as smart pumps and closed-system catheters—enhance accuracy and reduce risks.

Overall, intravenous solutions remain indispensable in clinical practice, ensuring patients receive timely and effective treatment when oral administration is insufficient or impossible.